Difference Between British And South African English Language Essay

Difference Between British And South African English Language Essay Introduction: I aim to establish dialectal features importance upon the English language. This will occur through identifying how dialectal features are introduced into speech, significant differences between British English and South African English, as well as the possible differences in application of dialect into language. I aim to identify distinctive dialectal features in ordinary, colloquial speech, which are different to English speakers. A comparison of British English and South African English will enable differences to be shown. Within the speech, variables will affect the language choice, not always dialectal variables. These variables include age (adults and Children in the conversation), location of the speakers (where theyre from and location which they currently reside) as well as the tier of class which the speakers are from. I will focus upon South Africans (English speaking not Afrikaans- the Lingua Franca), the test subjects are from the Cape Town area in South-west South Africa. Therefore, the South African test subjects should have many similarities to the British speaking English test subjects. As a consequence, I expect the main difference between the two sets of test subjects to be lexical due to them being English speaking. Research: Dialect differentiates language, distinguishing location, class and other social boundaries. The South African language is similar to the English language, a cosmopolitan, hybrid language, with lexis being drawn from many other languages and cultures. Officially there are 11 languages feeding into South African [1] from Dutch Afrikaans to English, providing dialectal words such as the Afrikaaner word Braai for barbeque. It is often that these words interlink into different languages with the meaning mirrored in the adopted language such as Dutch to Afrikaans lexis. This is obvious through words like Biltong (Afrikaans) and aardvark (Afrikaans) transferring to the English language. English is seen as a Lingua Franca in South Africa, not necessarily the dominant language spoken language, but instead a language which is a backup language which is always spoken in contexts where appropriate, for example, English is the international business language, therefore the majority of business is conducted in English. As a consequence Afrikaans speakers use English; the lingua franca language use in Afrikaans-medium high schools in Pretoria reported that they often used English words when speaking Afrikaans [2]. Therefore showing the English languages dominance due to the ability to transfer into different languages. Therefore, itll be interesting to see if the South African language of 11 different languages and distinctive dialects transfers into the English language as seen with the transfer of French lexis such as Entrepreneur, quit or Cafe. Dialects form through modification of standard of English, changing due to influences and situations. They are a form of expression, marking individualism or belonging to a group e.g. social grouping such as level of class (Gentry, middle or working). As Peter Trudgill interprets dialects allow for recognition of area of growing up or current residence Other people will use this information to help them decide where we are fromà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [3]. This investigation aims to distinguish the differences of lexical variations, grammatical differences, approaches to speech, length of utterances, and use of taboo and non-fluency features. Data Analysis: The speech is started off by statements (declarative) and questions (interrogative sentence mood), for example line one of the South African transcript Kieron (.) dinner time. The use of these sentence moods is the typical, standard of introduction for conversation. Furthermore both transcripts feature turn-yielding cues at the end of around half of sentences, leading to the formation of adjacency pairs. Therefore, theres no difference between English and Southern African English conversations over on how theyre introduced or ended suggesting this method is the standard, not fulfilling any aims of establishing dialectal differences. The main difference between the dialects of Southern Africa and an English Dialect is a high lexical variation. A clear example is the word robots used in Western South Africa to mean Traffic lights. This shows the use of different lexis to apply the same meaning as also seen through the adjective Lekker to mean good or nice. Whereas the transcript shows the English dialect to use +degree adverbs intensifying the adjective the food is very burnt as opposed to the Southern African these crunchies are lekker. The South African lexis doesnt rely upon intensifiers instead having stronger dialectal words to take the place of two words, whereas the word Crunchies is a piece of South African lexis for Flapjack. Nouns have been used with inflections for both English speech and South African speech. Proper Nouns for both English and South African havent featured the inflection of s with the exception of General motors' which said singularly on its own. However, common nouns are varied in both English and in Southern African. Concrete nouns such as Takkies or Pants both feature the inflection of s, yet concrete nouns like Lappie havent featured an inflection. This feature of spoken language is mirrored in the English transcript with concrete nouns such as apples crackers. This shows no difference between the South African and British English dialect in the application of inflections, not helping to solve the language investigation. Adjectives dont tend to have inflections such as suffixes added to them in either dialects. Both dialects lack suffixes such as -en to give adjectives a regional placer, helping to determine the area or social class from which the test subjects are in or reside from. The South African transcript uses adjectives such as slow pre-modifying nouns like any normal application of adjectives. Whereas, the English transcript also applies adjectives use; e.g. well ridiculously cheap. This shows there is little if no difference between uses of adjectives between these two different dialects, suggesting it again to be the standard. As a consequence neither disproving nor proving a noticeable difference between the dialects. Whereas, adverbs are also similar with no real noticeable difference between the two different dialects. Neither dialects as discussed before seem to use suffixes onto the adverbs e.g. slowly. Adverbs have been used in both dialects as transcribed showing the adverbs to intensify or portray manner, place or time, as seen by ridiculously cheap. As seen before, this doesnt identify dialectal differences, meaning the aims fulfilled. However, there is a difference in pronoun structure between the two transcripts and dialects. The English dialect transcript focuses upon object personal pronouns e.g. i didnt know this, whereas the South African transcript mainly uses subject personal pronouns (I) (we). However, this may not be a dialectal difference due to being in different circumstances with them both being on different topics due to not being scripted. Therefore it neither confirms nor disproves dialectal differences in speech. The South African transcripts shows dynamic verbs used with past tense inflections of -ed as well as present tense inflections of -e: i lagged Whereas the English transcript also shows the use of dynamic verbs, but only in the past tense. Like the South African Dynamic verbs, it portrays the action having already occurred. However, neither of these inflections are dialect specific, such as an Eastern English dialect of he walk. Therefore, this doesnt help to identify dialectal features in spoken language. The utterance length is higher in the English transcript on average as compared to the South African, suggesting dialect may affect length of utterance. However, there are more speakers (5) as compared to (4) within the South African discourse; therefore it is more likely that each speaker will have a shorter duration of speech due to some form of interruption by another speaker. As a consequence, this hints that utterance length may be a dialectal feature; however it is more likely to have been highly influenced by the amount of speakers. Therefore not really being a useful piece of data. The transcripts have recorded different features of non-fluency signifiers, showing that dialect may cause different non-fluency features. The South African transcript notes the high use of fillers and other parts of unscripted speech such as facework like the facilitive tag question youre lovely (.) arent you. voice filled pauses occur where the speaker responds, yet doesnt provide a very clear answer. Whereas the British English transcript shows quite a high use of false-starts and recycling in speech unlike the South African transcript. This clearly shows both dialects have certain non-fluency features; however they vary and may just be partially dialect specific. It is obvious the main difference between these transcripts and dialects is lexical variation. This is not really surprising due to the South African test subjects being English spoken. English South Africa is hugely influenced by western media i.e. American TV programs. The only real way to clarify these findings of dialect not being hugely different between British English and western South African is to undertake many more tests to see if there is reliability in the results or if it shows a broader theme as such. CUT = This conclusion is repeated through the use of negatives, where neither dialects show abnormal use of negatives, therefore not providing a noticeable difference, meaning no clear conclusion can be drawn from these results.

Dominating the poem Essay

Ode to Nightingale is an antithesis of life and death, with death very much dominating the poem (Keats suffered from tuberculosis, and his description of men suffering in Ode to a Nightingale could indicate that he himself was in great pain when he wrote the poem), whereas The Prelude describes a conflict between man and nature, and Ode to Autumn is simply admiring an aspect of nature. However, Keats and Wordsworth both allude to ideals expressed in the philosophical viewpoint Romanticism. Wordsworth thought that the individual could understand nature without society or civilisation, and this is the stance that he takes in The Prelude. The metaphor of a single person in a boat in the middle of a huge lake represents one person in isolation from society. The mountain that towers over the person in the boat represents the raw power of nature, so much more powerful than a mere human (a Romantic ideal is that nature comes first, while people and their thoughts and activities come second. Wordsworth takes it to extreme in The Prelude with his descriptive comparison of the â€Å"huge peak, black and huge† and the â€Å"little boat†. The imagery comes across very vividly in the poem, and man seems insignificant when compared with the â€Å"huge and mighty forms, that do not live like living men†.) Keats also expresses his idea of the power of nature, but from a different viewpoint. He does not see nature as raw, wild power that is a colossus compared with trivial humans. He instead regards nature as a friend in suffering (in Ode to a Nightingale: â€Å"Now more than ever it seems rich to die†¦while thou art pouring thy soul abroad†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) and as a thing with its own magic (Ode to Autumn: â€Å"Where are the songs of Spring?†¦Think not of them, thou hast thy music too†) In Ode to a Nightingale Keats also sees the nightingale as a thing of immense spiritual power, something so powerful that it can trigger his imagination and send him into a fantasy world of â€Å"verdurous glooms and winding mossy ways† where he can forget his pain for a short while, even though afterwards he is forced to realise that his poetry cannot help him escape his pain permanently (â€Å"the fancy cannot cheat so well as she is fam’d to do, deceiving elf.†) This is another similarity which the two writers share: they both describe spiritual experiences that have happened to them. Wordsworth describes the effect that the view of the megalith mountain had on him (â€Å"but after I had seen that spectacle, for many days, my brain worked with a dim and undetermined sense of unknown modes of being†) and describes his feelings of â€Å"solitude† and â€Å"blank desertion† that were â€Å"a trouble† to his dreams. Keats uses a lot of very entrancing imagery (â€Å"soft incense†, â€Å"embalmed darkness†, â€Å"pastoral eglantine†, â€Å"musky rose, full of dewy wine† and â€Å"murmurous haunt of flies† all create a very clear picture of the fantasy world Keats has conjured up in his imagination, influenced by the song of the nightingale) and emotive language (the poem is full of exclamations such as â€Å"Away!†, â€Å"Adieu!† and â€Å"Folorn!† that seem almost like laments, especially in the case of â€Å"thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird!†) in Ode to a Nightingale, succeeding in drawing the reader into an bond with his thoughts where they can see, hear and smell everything that Keats is experiencing. This sort of empathy through poetry is very difficult to achieve, though Keats also manages it in Ode to Autumn through his descriptions of â€Å"season of mists and mellow fruitfulness†. Keats does not reflect much on his experience in Ode to a Nightingale, except only to wonder â€Å"was it a vision, or a waking dream?†¦Do I wake or sleep?† However, this last question lets the reader themselves reflect on the meaning of the nightingale (though throughout the poem the references to â€Å"easeful death† and â€Å"Darkling† make it obvious that the bird symbolises death.) Keats and Wordsworth have widely different styles of writing. Their poems greatly differ in language form and structure, especially between Wordsworth’s simple language and Keats’ traditionally embellished diction. However, both poets have had troubled times in their lives, and their poems (Ode to a Nightingale and The Prelude) reflect this. They both portray their spiritual encounters with nature as having had a great effect on them, which is in keeping with the Romantic ideals of nature and spirituality. They also express their Romantic views of nature as a source of power, though they have different views on the type of power that nature possesses.

How to Choose Essay Samples Word

How to Choose Essay Samples Word What You Need to Know About Essay Samples Word Writing a fantastic essay on technology does not need to be difficult. Today's lesson might be a bit dull, but it's vital for future work. Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is among the most essential and frequently tricky parts for many students. Political science topics for essay writing when you're requested to take a political science class, you probably feel that it's a waste of time and it isn't. Writing an essay is a vital role in academe life. It is an art and it needs a lot of preparations to make a perfect article. Essay writing is normally practiced is schools. Persuasive writing can be hard, particularly when you're made to face with a close-minded audience. If you're looking for a sample persuasive essay then one of the very first places you will likely look is the web. There are those who believe that the more cash that you have, the happier you are. You may trust us to give expert aid for many of your academic writing needs. In the event you had thought about using an illustration of a persuasive essay, then one of the very first things to be alert to is the chance of being caught for plagiarism. Here's What I Know About Essay Samples Word The target of a persuasive essay is to convince your readers your viewpoint is the correct viewpoint. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to choose a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against c riticism. The simplest way to figure out the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. If you're offered to compose an essay in 250 words, you ought to be in a place to organize all significant information about the subject in the designated word count and it should make an effect on the readers. Generally, you're going to be asked to opt for a perspective in an argument or maybe to support a particular viewpoint against critiques. It would be considerably more difficult to align your arguments to coordinate with the thesis, and it could diminish the worth of your assessment and the validity of your arguments. Without a thesis, it's impossible that you present a productive argument. Your persuasive argument is going to be made stronger if you're able to demonstrate that you're passionate about the subject and have a strong opinion one way or the other. The Nuiances of Essay Samples Word In your introduction paragraph, it is sufficient to introduce the topic and offer meaningful background details. Supporting details have to be presented accurately also. No matter your reasons for choosing to use this kind of essay, you ought to know that the results will almost certainly be negative. There's no ideal solution on how best to compose an effective essay. As it is, if you should use a persuasive essay template, after the lengthy search to find something depending on the topic which you wish to write about, it's still highly unlikely it will reflect your requirements adequately enough to secure you a nice grade. To compose an impressive short essay, especially during an examination, you have to be in a position to hit the question and give a straightforward answer while at the very same time observing the most suitable structure of an essay. It will be simpler that you compose a very good persuasive essay if it's a subject in which you have knowledge. Weave in your perspective to turn your essay unique. Just comply with the guidelines stated above, and you will be well on your way to writing an excellent persuasive essay. On the opposite side, obtaining a list of good persuasive essay topics is insufficient. Sample persuasive essays can also give inspiration on topics to write on in addition to serve as examples about how to compose your essay. A persuasive essay has to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. The finest persuasive short essays often concentrate on controversial problems. A persuasive speech is provided with the goal of persuading the audience to feel a particular way, to take a particular action, or to support a particular view or cause. Folks that are focused on money find themselves working all of the time they don't have time to do the things they enjoy. Women in the film are unwavering and prepared to provide their precious aid in a dire circumstance.

The Beauty Standard Essay - 712 Words

The Beauty Standard Does this make me look fat?† Everyone at one time or another has experienced this iconic question in some way. Your best friend may have asked it, as she was getting ready for a date or maybe you muttered these words to yourself as you stared disapprovingly into a mirror; either way, this six-word question alludes to a standard of beauty that everyone strives to meet. A standard of beauty that is almost impossible to meet. The definition of beauty has evolved greatly over the years and it differs from culture to culture. Today, western culture idolizes the woman who is â€Å"thin, large breasted, and white (tanned, but not too brown)† (WVFV, pg. 220). This woman is one that millions of women strive to look like in†¦show more content†¦Many women will participate various forms of cosmetic and body sculpting to reach their desired appearance. Other women may even develop an eating disorder in order to lose weight. Both of these actions are extremely harmful to the human body in that they put the body under extreme stress and that they are life threatening. In Western Society, more and more young women are affected by an eating disorder or have undergone cosmetic surgery. It has been shown that â€Å"up to 20 percent of people with serious eating disorders die from the disorder† (WVFV, pg. 230). If people did not feel so obligated to reach a level of perfection in order to feel accepted by society then the numbers of how many people die from eating disorders or cosmetic surgeries would not be as high as they are today. How can we lower these numbers? Together, we can lower the numbers of people dying from eating disorders and cosmetic surgeries by resisting the beauty ideal. We can choose â€Å"to not participate in the beauty rituals, to not support the industries that produce both images and products, and to create other definitions of beauty† (WVFV, pg. 232). The most crucial and easiest solu tion is to create other definitions of beauty. Ultimately, it is up to the individual to decide what is beautiful. What if someone decided that the only thing that could contribute to one’s beauty is who someone is on the inside? Wouldn’t our world be a completely different place? Instead ofShow MoreRelatedThe Beauty Of Beauty Standards1493 Words   |  6 Pagessending a message that if we can posses these attributes then we, too can have a satisfactory life. Beyoncà © recently addressed the issue of unattainable beauty standards, as well as the struggle for true happiness in her new song and music video â€Å"Pretty Hurts† where she depicts how obsessively hurtful it is to want to be perfect or the epitome of beauty. Surgeries becoming more common because it is in altering appearances that we become more desirable in today s society. 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